Sociology Chapter 3 Culture Test Answers

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• [DOWNLOAD] Sociology Chapter 3 Culture Test Answers | new!

  One cannot exist without the other, but they are not identical. A society is a group of people who live in a defined territory and participate in a common culture.

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• [FREE] Sociology Chapter 3 Culture Test Answers

  Names can hurt, especially names that are racial slurs, which African Americans growing up before the era of the civil rights movement routinely heard. According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, the use of these words would have affected how whites...

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• Sociology Chapter 3 Culture Test Answers

  Norms Cultures differ widely in their norms , or standards and expectations for behaving. Norms of drunken behavior influence how we behave when we drink too much. Norms are often divided into two types, formal norms and informal norms. Formal norms, also called mores MOOR-ayz and laws, refer to the standards of behavior considered the most important in any society.

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• 3.2 The Elements Of Culture

  Examples in the United States include traffic laws, criminal codes, and, in a college context, student behavior codes addressing such things as cheating and hate speech. Informal norms, also called folkways and customs, refer to standards of behavior that are considered less important but still influence how we behave.

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• Sociology Chapter 16 Quiz Quizlet

  Table manners are a common example of informal norms, as are such everyday behaviors as how we interact with a cashier and how we ride in an elevator. Many norms differ dramatically from one culture to the next. Some of the best evidence for cultural variation in norms comes from the study of sexual behavior Edgerton, Among the Pokot of East Africa, for example, women are expected to enjoy sex, while among the Gusii a few hundred miles away, women who enjoy sex are considered deviant. In Inis Beag, a small island off the coast of Ireland, sex is considered embarrassing and even disgusting; men feel that intercourse drains their strength, while women consider it a burden.

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• Sociology 1301-Chapter 3 (Culture)

  Even nudity is considered terrible, and people on Inis Beag keep their clothes on while they bathe. The situation is quite different in Mangaia, a small island in the South Pacific. Here sex is considered very enjoyable, and it is the major subject of songs and stories. While many societies frown on homosexuality, others accept it. Among the Azande of East Africa, for example, young warriors live with each other and are not allowed to marry. During this time, they often have sex with younger boys, and this homosexuality is approved by their culture. Among the Sambia of New Guinea, young males live separately from females and engage in homosexual behavior for at least a decade.

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• Sociology Ch. 3

  It is felt that the boys would be less masculine if they continued to live with their mothers and that the semen of older males helps young boys become strong and fierce Edgerton, Although many societies disapprove of homosexuality, other societies accept it. Other evidence for cultural variation in norms comes from the study of how men and women are expected to behave in various societies. For example, many traditional societies are simple hunting-and-gathering societies. In most of these, men tend to hunt and women tend to gather.

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• Sociology And You Chapter 3 Culture Vocabulary (Glencoe McGraw-Hill)

  Many observers attribute this gender difference to at least two biological differences between the sexes. First, men tend to be bigger and stronger than women and are thus better suited for hunting. Second, women become pregnant and bear children and are less able to hunt. Yet a different pattern emerges in some hunting-and-gathering societies. Among a group of Australian aborigines called the Tiwi and a tribal society in the Philippines called the Agta, both sexes hunt. In the United States, people who are not intimates usually stand about three to four feet apart when they talk. If someone stands more closely to us, especially if we are of northern European heritage, we feel uncomfortable.

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• Introduction To Sociology

  Yet people in other countries—especially Italy, France, Spain, and many of the nations of Latin America and the Middle East—would feel uncomfortable if they were standing three to four feet apart. To them, this distance is too great and indicates that the people talking dislike each other. Rituals Different cultures also have different rituals , or established procedures and ceremonies that often mark transitions in the life course. Graduation ceremonies in colleges and universities are familiar examples of time-honored rituals. For example, girls around the world undergo various types of initiation ceremonies to mark their transition to adulthood.

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• Revel Chapter 3 Quizlet

  Among the Bemba of Zambia, girls undergo a month-long initiation ceremony called the chisungu, in which girls learn songs, dances, and secret terms that only women know Maybury-Lewis, But in other cultures the first period is a cause for celebration involving gifts, music, and food Hathaway, Boys have their own initiation ceremonies, some of them involving circumcision. That said, the ways in which circumcisions are done and the ceremonies accompanying them differ widely. In the United States, boys who are circumcised usually undergo a quick procedure in the hospital. If their parents are observant Jews, circumcision will be part of a religious ceremony, and a religious figure called a moyel will perform the circumcision. In contrast, circumcision among the Maasai of East Africa is used as a test of manhood. If a boy being circumcised shows signs of fear, he might well be ridiculed Maybury-Lewis, Are rituals more common in traditional societies than in industrial ones such as the United States?

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• Sociology Chapter 3 And 4 Test Answers

  Consider the Nacirema, studied by anthropologist Horace Miner more than 50 years ago Miner, Reflecting this belief, every household has at least one shrine in which various rituals are performed to cleanse the body. Often these shrines contain magic potions acquired from medicine men. The Nacirema are especially concerned about diseases of the mouth. Spell Nacirema backward and you will see that Miner was describing American culture. As his satire suggests, rituals are not limited to preindustrial societies. Instead, they function in many kinds of societies to mark transitions in the life course and to transmit the norms of the culture from one generation to the next. Changing Norms and Beliefs Our examples show that different cultures have different norms, even if they share other types of practices and beliefs. It is also true that norms change over time within a given culture. Two obvious examples here are hairstyles and clothing styles.

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• Sociology Quizlet Chapter 12

  When the Beatles first became popular in the early s, their hair barely covered their ears, but parents of teenagers back then were aghast at how they looked. If anything, clothing styles change even more often than hairstyles. Hemlines go up, hemlines go down. Lapels become wider, lapels become narrower. This color is in, that color is out.

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• Sociology Chapter 3 – Socialization

  Hold on to your out-of-style clothes long enough, and eventually they may well end up back in style. Some norms may change over time within a given culture. In the early s, the hair of the four members of the Beatles barely covered their ears, but many parents of U. Library of Congress — public domain. Despite the controversy surrounding abortion today, it was very common in the ancient world. Much later, medieval theologians generally felt that abortion was not murder if it occurred within the first several weeks after conception. This distinction was eliminated in , when Pope Pius IX declared abortion at any time to be murder. In the United States, abortion was not illegal until , when New York state banned it to protect women from unskilled abortionists, and most other states followed suit by the end of the century.

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• Sociology Chapter 3 Test

  However, the sheer number of unsafe, illegal abortions over the next several decades helped fuel a demand for repeal of abortion laws that in turn helped lead to the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision in that generally legalized abortion during the first two trimesters. Contraception was also practiced in ancient times, only to be opposed by early Christianity. Over the centuries, scientific discoveries of the nature of the reproductive process led to more effective means of contraception and to greater calls for its use, despite legal bans on the distribution of information about contraception. In the early s, Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, spearheaded the growing birth-control movement and helped open a birth-control clinic in Brooklyn in She and two other women were arrested within 10 days, and Sanger and one other defendant were sentenced to 30 days in jail. Efforts by Sanger and other activists helped to change views on contraception over time, and finally, in , the U.

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• Chapter 3 Cultural Conformity And Adaptation Review Worksheet Answers

  Supreme Court ruled in Griswold v. Connecticut that contraception information could not be banned. As this brief summary illustrates, norms about contraception changed dramatically during the last century. Other types of cultural beliefs also change over time Figure 3. Since the s, the U. Figure 3. If beliefs about voting for an African American had not changed, Barack Obama would almost certainly not have been elected in These two figures depict declining racial and gender prejudice in the United States during the past quarter-century.

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• Sociology Test 3 Answers

  Values Values are another important element of culture and involve judgments of what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable. In Japan, for example, a central value is group harmony. The Japanese place great emphasis on harmonious social relationships and dislike interpersonal conflict. When interpersonal disputes do arise, Japanese do their best to minimize conflict by trying to resolve the disputes amicably. Lawsuits are thus uncommon; in one case involving disease and death from a mercury-polluted river, some Japanese who dared to sue the company responsible for the mercury poisoning were considered bad citizens Upham, Individualism in the United States American culture promotes competition and an emphasis on winning in the sports and business worlds and in other spheres of life.

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• Sociology Chapter 3 (Culture) Flashcards - 1medicoguia.com

  Accordingly, lawsuits over frivolous reasons are common and even expected. In the United States, of course, the situation is quite different. The American culture extols the rights of the individual and promotes competition in the business and sports worlds and in other areas of life.

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• Chapter 3 Holt Sociology Cultural Conformity And Adaptation

  Who was Robin M. A sociologist who study identified a set of 15 core American values What are some of the traditional American values identified by Robin M. He was another sociologist that studied American values. He suggested additional values such as education, religion, and romantic love. Who was Christopher Lasch? He was a social historian that wrote the book "The Culture of Narcissism" that considers the emphasis on personal self-fulfillment a personality disorder called narcissism. He was a sociologist that also saw danger in the focus on the self. He felt it weakened the established values of hard work and moderation and threatened the stability of the capitalist system. A psychologist and survey researcher who viewed a shit toward self-fulfillment as a beneficial change. He view it as movement away from material gain. Positive sanctions are rewards, such as smiles, to reinforce desired behavior.

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• The Elements Of Culture – Sociology

  What are negative sanctions? Negative sanctions are punishments, such as imprisonment, to discourage undesired behavior What are formal sanctions? What are informal sanctions? Spontanious expressions of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group What are some examples of positive informal sanctions? Positive informal sanctions include standing, ovations, compliments, smiles, pats on the back, and gifts. What are some examples of negative informal sanctions? Negative informal sanction include, frowns, gossip, rebukes, insults, ridicule, and ostracism. What is social control? Social control is the enforcingt of norms through either internal or external means What are the two basic ways in which the norms of society are enforced?

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• Sociology Chapter 3 And 4 Test Answers Links:

  Social movements usually involve large numbers of people. Examples of social movements include the prohibition movement, the women's rights movement, the peace movement, the gay rights movement, and the civil rights movement. Through discovery and invention p56 What does the term discovery mean as it relates to new forms of technology? Discovery occurs when people recognized new uses for existing elements in the world or begin to understand them in new ways p57 What are some examples of discoveries? Examples of discoveries include atomic fission, chewing gum, and oil shale. What does the term invention mean? Invention occurs when people use existing knowledge to create something that did not previously exist. Inventions can take the form of material objects, ideas, or patterns or behavior.

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• Chapter 3 Sociology - ProProfs Quiz

  Examples of non material inventions include political movements, religious movements, new hobbies, and business organizations. Ethnocentrism, cultural lag, and vested interests are among the reasons that people resist cultural change.

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• TheWorksheets.com

  What Is Sociology? The History of Sociology 1. Theoretical Perspectives 1. Why Study Sociology? Figure 1. Photo courtesy of Robert S. Table courtesy of U. His ideas about social conflict are still relevant today. Photo courtesy of voanews. Are you a part of any global communities? Symbolic InteractionistTheory Symbolic Interactionism 1. Photo courtesy of public domain Brown vs. One reads them, nods at the familiar scene, remarks that one has heard all this before and don't people have better things to do than to waste their time on truismsuntil one is suddenly brought up against an insight that radically questions everything one had previously assumed about this familiar scene.

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• Sociology Unit 3 Test Answers

  This is the point at which one begins to sense the excitement of sociology. Section Quiz 1. Short Answer 1. Further Research 1. What makes listening to live music among a crowd of people appealing? How are the motivations and behaviors of groups of people at concerts different from those of groups in other settings, such as theme parks? These are questions that sociological research can aim to answer. Approaches to Sociological Research 2. Research Methods 2. Hypothesis Independent Variable Dependent Variable The greater the availability of affordable housing, the lower the homeless rate.

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• Chapter 3 Sociology

  Affordable Housing Homeless Rate The greater the availability of math tutoring, the higher the math grades. Math TutoringMath Grades The greater the police patrol presence, the safer the neighborhood. Police Patrol Presence Safer Neighborhood The greater the factory lighting, the higher the productivity. Factory LightingProductivity The greater the amount of observation, the higher the public awareness. Census is a well-known example. Navy Hospital personnel complete a questionnaire on health issues they experienced in Somalia. Participants submitted a blood sample as part of this study, which supported Operation Restore Hope. Photo courtesy of ExpertInfantry. Why do you follow Jimmy Buffett around the country and attend every concert? How do low-income workers get by? Someone should do a study. Why dont you do it? What type of environment do work spaces foster?

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• Ch. 3 Section Summary - Introduction To Sociology 2e | OpenStax

  What would a sociologist discover after blending in? This issue of racial profiling remains a hot-button topic today. MethodImplementationAdvantages Challenges Survey Field Work Yields detailed, accurate real-life information Experiment Deliberate manipulation of social customs and mores Tests cause and effect relationships Secondary Data Analysis Makes good use of previous sociological information 2. Middletown a. Short Answer 2. Further Research 2. What Is Culture? Elements of Culture 3. Pop Culture, Subculture, and Cultural Change 3. How would Americans react to these two soldiers? But how would you interpret the signage on the right? What effect does this have on members of society? What effect does it have on our culture? Photo courtesy of William P. As consumers gradually adopt a new innovation, the item grows toward a market share of percent, or complete saturation within a society.

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• Ch. 3 Introduction To Culture - Introduction To Sociology 2e | OpenStax

  Today, it is immediately recognizable around the world. Photo a courtesy of U. How would a functionalist interpret this statue? What does it reveal about the values of American culture? Short Answer 3. Further Research 3. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 3. This Maasai village in Tanzania looks very different from a rural American town. Types of Societies 4. Theoretical Perspectives on Society 4. How does technology influence a societys daily occupations? How will their society respond to the constraints modern society places on a nomadic lifestyle? Rockefeller, cofounder of the Standard Oil Company, came from an unremarkable family of salesmen and menial laborers. In industrial societies, business owners such as Rockefeller hold the majority of the power.

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• Sociology And You Worksheet Answers

  The three major sociological paradigms differ in their perspectives on these issues. And such a district exists in the heart of the second city of England, the first manufacturing city of the world. Alienation from the process of ones labor. Alienation from others. The Communist Manifesto Alienation from ones self. Has technology made this type of labor more or less alienating? Such structures may be rational, but they are also isolating. What role do we play in society? According to sociologists, we construct reality through our interactions with others. In a way, our day-to-day interactions are like those of actors on a stage. Oedipus is told by an oracle that he will murder his father and marry his mother. In going out of his way to avoid his fate, Oedipus inadvertently fulfills it. Oedipuss story illustrates one way in which members of society contribute to the social construction of reality. Short Answer 4. Further Research 4.

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